勞埃德銀行Lloyds TSB
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Lloyds TSB Bank Plc is a retail bank in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1995 by the merger of Lloyds Bank, established in 1765 and traditionally considered one of the Big Four clearing banks, with the TSB Group which traces its origins to 1810.[1] Lloyds TSB has an extensive network of branches and cash machines across England and Wales and offers 24-hour telephone and online banking services. Today it has 16 million personal customers and small business accounts.[2] In Scotland, the bank operates as Lloyds TSB Scotland Plc.
Following the acquisition of HBOS in 2008, the parent Lloyds TSB Group was renamed Lloyds Banking Group.[3] In 2009, following the liquidity crisis, HM Government took a 43.4% stake in Lloyds Banking Group and it was subsequently announced that a standalone retail banking business of 600 branches, including the TSB brand, would be divested by the Group to comply with European Union state aid requirements.[4] As a consequence, Lloyds TSB Bank will be rebranded as Lloyds Bank by the end of 2013
The bank can trace its roots back to 1765 with the foundation of Taylors and Lloyds in Birmingham. This private bank converted into a joint-stock company in 1865, becoming Lloyds Bank Limited in 1889. Most recently, in 1995, it acquired the demutualised Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society. The first Trustee Savings Bank had been founded by the Revd. Henry Duncan of Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire in 1810, but it was not until 1985 that the TSB Group was incorporated under the Companies Act.[6] The creation of the modern bank is often credited to its CEO from 1984 to 1997, Sir Brian Pitman, who helped turn around a struggling institution by focusing on shareholder value. He narrowed the bank's business focus, and reacted to a disastrous experience lending to South American states by trimming its overseas businesses, seeking instead growth through mergers with other UK banks. While Sir Brian did attempt unsuccessfully to acquire Royal Bank of Scotland in 1984, Standard Chartered Bank in 1985, Midland Bank in 1992 and Abbey National in 2001, he was successful in 1995 in merging with Trustee Savings Bank and the Cheltenham & Gloucester building society.[7][8][9] The creation of the modern bank was announced in 1995 and Lloyds TSB commenced trading in 1998, after the statutory process of integration had been completed.[10]
Lloyds' three Scottish branches were absorbed into TSB Scotland, which had remained separate to TSB Bank in England and Wales following consolidation. TSB Northern Ireland was disposed to Allied Irish Banks prior to merger in 1991 and, consequently, the bank does not have a presence in Northern Ireland. TSB Channel Islands was integrated into TSB Bank in 1992. Lloyds Bank International merged into Lloyds Bank in 1986 as there was no longer any advantage in operating separately.[11]
The Scottish Widows Fund and Life Assurance Society demutualised and was subsequently acquired by the Group in 2000.
勞埃德銀行具有相當悠久的曆史,成立于1765年。成功收購了英國信托儲蓄銀行(TSB)之後,成為英國最大的五家商業銀行(巴克萊銀行、彙豐銀行、勞埃德銀行、HBOS和國民西敏寺銀行)之一,目前擁有的客戶數量最多,但勞埃德銀行和勞埃德保險集團和船級社無關。勞埃德TSB集團創立于1688年,是一家設在英國的銀行和金融服務集團,主要從事銀行,貸款和抵押,儲蓄與投資,保險等業務,在全球有2400多家分支機構。1996年,英國勞埃德銀行同英國信托儲蓄銀行合并産生勞埃德TSB銀行集團。